1.
The suffix, "-kama", is often called "terminative".
One of its uses is to indicate the limit or end of some space, time, or
numerical series. It may be translated in English as "until"
or "as far as".
e.g. Hamuq miercoleskama! = See you next Wednesday!
(lit. Until the coming Wednesday!)
(hamuy = "to come") (-q = agentive) (miercoles = "Wednesday") (-kama = terminative)e.g. Hamuq watakama! = See you next year! (lit. Until the coming year!)
(hamuy = "to come") (-q = agentive) (wata = "year") (-kama = terminative)
2. Adding "-kama" to demonstrative adjectives forms place
adverbs.
e.g. Kaykama hamuychis. = Come up to here/as far as here.
(kay = "this") (-kama = place adverbalizer "as far as")
(hamuy = command "come") (-chis = 2nd person plural command)
e.g. Chaykama riy. = Go to there/as far as there.
(chay = "that") (-kama = place adverbalizer "as far as") (riy = command "go")
3. When "-kama" is added to verbs, it is preceded by the obligatory suffix, "-na", along with possessive marking on "-na". This indicates a necessary condition for the realization of some action. It may be translated as "until" or "while".
e.g. Mariyu puñushanankama wakanta suwarusqaku. = While Mario was sleeping, they had stolen his cow.
(Mariyu = "Mario") (puñuy = "to sleep") (-sha = present progressive) (-na = obligatory) (-n = 3rd person singular possessed) (-kama = "while") (waka = "cow") (-n = 3rd person singular possessed) (-ta = direct object marker) (suway = "to steal") (-ru = exhortative "suddenly" or "quickly") (-sqaku = 3rd person plural past perfect tense conjugation)
4.
When "-kama" is preceded by the "-nta/-ninta" suffix,
it indicates direction, course, or trajectory. It may be translated as
"along", or "following the direction".
e.g. Mayuntakama purini. = I walk along the river.
(mayu = "river") (-nta -kama = "along") (puriy = "to walk") (-ni = 1st person singular present tense conjugation).
5.
Having to do with similar people, things, or qualities, "-kama"
means "only", "all", "among all", "each
one", "each time", or "always".
e.g. Wawaykunaqa warmikama kanku. = My children are all female.
(wawa = "child") (-y = 1st person singular possessed) (-kuna = plural) (-qa = topic marker) (warmi = "female/woman") (-kama = "all") (kay = "to be") (-nku = 3rd person plural present tense conjugation)
6.
"-kama may be added to a noun in order to denote that a person or
thing has too much of some characteristic designated by the noun or adjective.
e.g. Wasiyki mihunakama kashan. = Your house is overflowing with food.
(wasi = "house") (-yki = 2nd person singular possessed) (mihuy = "to eat") (-na = nominalizer) (-kama = "overflowing with") (kay = "to be") (-sha = present progressive) (-n = 3rd person singular present tense conjugation).