Inca at Inti Raymi, Cusco, Peru
Suffix (-mi/-n)


1. This suffix, realized as "-mi" following a consonant and as "-n" following a vowel, may be used to add emphasis, as a validator, or as a witness marker. Its use as a validator shows that the speaker is certain about the truth or validity of what he/she is saying. Its use as a witness marker indicates that the speaker is stating information that he/she was a direct witness to, or acquired by first-hand experience. This suffix may be added onto words of all grammatical categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.


e.g. Imaynallan kashanki? = How are you doing?
(Imayna = "how") (-lla = affective) (-n = validator) (kay = "to be") (-sha = present progressive) (-nki = 2nd person singular present tense conjugation)


e.g. Iman sutiyki? = What's your name?
(Ima = "what") (-n = validator) (suti = "name") (-yki = 2nd person singular possessive "your")


e.g. Marilynmi sutiy. = My name is Marilyn.
(-mi = validator) (suti = "name") (-y = 1st person singular possessive "my")


e.g. Payqa allintan takin. = She/he sings well.
(pay = 3rd person singular subject pronoun "he/she") (-qa = topic marker) (allin = "good") (-ta = adverbalizer) (-n = validator) (takiy = "to sing") (-n = 3rd person singular present tense conjugation)

 
Exercise

 

1. Fill in the suffix

 

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