Key Elements: Competitive

• Negative interdependence

• Clear criteria

  • Beginning and end
  • System for selecting winners and ranking competitors
  • Rules and procedures controlling interaction

• Clear system of social comparison

• Strict control of interaction of competitors

• Homogeneous matching

• Competitive skills

  • Playing fair
  • Being a gracious winner or loser & not to overgeneralize results
  • Ability to enjoy competition whatever the result
  • Ability to monitor others for comparison

• Appropriate Task

  • Adapted from Johnson & Johnson, 1989

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