Key Elements: Individualistic

• No interdependence

• No interaction

• Clear individual accountability

• A goal perceived to be important

• Clear procedures and rules

• Self-contained materials and resources

• Appropriate skills

  • Ability to tune out noise and distractions
  • Self motivated
  • Ability to monitor and evaluate own progress
  • Personal pride in being successful

• An Appropriate task

  • Adapted from Johnson & Johnson, 1989

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